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Before we proceed, you should understand the basic PostgreSQL
system architecture. Understanding how the parts of PostgreSQL
interact will make this chapter somewhat clearer.
In database jargon, PostgreSQL uses a client/server model.
A PostgreSQL session consists of the following cooperating
processes (programs):
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A server process, which manages the database files, accepts connections to the database
from client applications, and performs actions on the database on behalf of the clients.
The database server program is called postmaster.
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The user's client (frontend) application that wants to perform database operations.
Client applications can be very diverse in nature: a client could be a text-oriented tool,
a graphical application, a web server that accesses the database to display web pages, or
a specialized database maintenance tool. Some client applications are supplied with the PostgreSQL distribution, most are developed by users.
As is typical of client/server applications, the client and the server can be on different
hosts. In that case they communicate over a TCP/IP network connection. You should keep this in
mind, because the files that can be accessed on a client machine might not be accessible (or
might only be accessible using a different file name) on the database server machine.
The PostgreSQL server can handle multiple concurrent
connections from clients. For that purpose it starts ("forks")
a new process for each connection. From that point on, the client and the new server process
communicate without intervention by the original postmaster process.
Thus, the postmaster is always running, waiting for client
connections, whereas client and associated server processes come and go. (All of this is of
course invisible to the user. We only mention it here for completeness.)
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